With 265 million players and around 5 billion fans, football is the world’s most popular sport, but, like many outdoor activities, it is increasingly affected by the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. As host cities across North America welcome millions of football fans for the 2026 World Cup, they face immense pressure on transport networks, waste management systems and natural resources. The event has attracted criticism over its projected environmental footprint, with scientists estimating that it could generate between 9 and 15 million tonnes of CO2.

An assessment by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) of more than 100 sports organizations in 48 countries found that while many organizations recognize their responsibility to reduce their environmental impact, they often lack the funding, staff and expertise needed to do so.

Yet several World Cup host cities are demonstrating how challenges can drive positive change. “Large events like the World Cup provide a rare opportunity to promote and normalize good practices,” says Gulnara Roll, Chief of UNEP’s Sectoral Transition Section. “Host cities can integrate tournament preparations into their long-term sustainability strategies, creating benefits that extend well beyond the event itself.”

Can nature win the next World Cup? Lessons from 2026 host cities